Mountains

In this article we will speak about the scientific facts that were mentioned in the Quran more than 1400 years ago and how humans have only come to know these facts in the last two centuries thanks to the great evolution of modern technology.
The facts we are going to talk about are what mountains are and what their purpose is.
Up to the 18th century:
In the past mountains were perceived as just a mass on top of the earth’s surface until the beginning of the 18th century when Pierre Buger who was the head of an exhibition to the Andes mountains realized that the gravitational attributes of that area didn’t correlate to the huge mass of the Andes mountains in fact it was much smaller than he had expected.
To make his calculations he used a Plumb bab, Due to his observations he inferred that there must be a huge amount of mass which was invisible to him and he deduced that it must be underneath the mountains.
The beginning of the 19th century:
In the beginning of the 19th century there were many geological surveys done by British geological expeditions in the Indian peninsula.
They discovered irregularities in gravity readings near the Himalayas which were put down as the mystery of India because in their minds it had no logical explanation.
The middle of the 19th century:
This is when Sir George Everest concluded that these irregularities can not have any explanation other than that these huge mountains must have extensions that reach deep inside the earth.
And these extensions either have the same density as the mountains do or are denser.
He came to his conclusions by using:
-Triangulation Techniques.
-Astronomical Techniques.
He performed his calculations on two areas one which was about 153 meters away from any mountains and one that was surrounded by mountains.
-In the year 1865, Sir George Everest made a theory that the surface of the earth is not sufficient to hold the mountains on top of it and he imposed that the surface of the earth and the mountains on top of it are like floating islands on a sea of higher density rocks.
So for mountains to be stable as they are they must have roots inside the higher density area.

Year 1989:
In this year the scientific explanation of Sir George’s theory came from a group of models presented by the American geologist Dutton.
In these models he explained the theory of Isostasy, he had a sink filled with water and he put a group of wooden objects with different heights in the water, He observed that the hidden parts of the floating objects were equal to the seen parts. He called this the state of Hydrostatic balance. This corresponds to the state of the mountains.
-Up to this point everything was still in theory until the stage came when these theories became known facts as scientists are now capable of accurate calculations of what lies beneath the surface of the earth.
The two important facts:
The two important facts that science has reached today about mountains which were unknown thousands of years ago are:
1- Mountains are not just a mass on top of the surface of the earth they have roots inside the earth.
2- The existence of mountains on earth is crucial due to the fact that mountains are what keep the earth stable as it rotates.

The holy Quran:
-The Quran described mountains as pegs that keep the earth balanced.
“Have We not made the earth as a bed, and the mountains as pegs?”
Quran Surah Al Naba’ verse: 6-7

“And He has set firm mountains in the earth so that it would not shake with you”
Quran Surah Al Nahl verse: 15
-As we can see this meaning corresponds to the scientific discoveries, because pegs are used to keep tents down and stable and to perform their job they need to be submitted in the ground.

Figure 1: Mountains have deep roots under the surface of the ground. (Earth, Press and Siever, p. 413.)

Figure 2: Another illustration shows how the mountains are peg-like in shape, due to their deep roots. (Earth Science, Tar buck and Lutgens, p. 158.)

Figure 3: Schematic section. The mountains, like pegs, have deep roots embedded in the ground. (Anatomy of the Earth, Cailleux, p. 220.)

http://factofarabs. com/Mountains. html

My Story: How I Came to Islaam Shariffa Carlo

The story of how I reverted to al-Islam is a story of plans. I made plans; the group I was with made plans, and Allah made plans. And Allah is the Best of Planners. When I was a teenager, I came to the attention of a group of people with a very sinister agenda. They were and probably still are a loose association of individuals who work in government positions but have a special agenda - to destroy Islam. It is not a governmental group that I am aware of, they simply use their positions in the US government to advance their cause.

One member of this group approached me because he saw that I was articulate, motivated and very much the women's rights advocate. He told me that if I studied International Relations with an emphasis in the Middle East, he would guarantee me a job at the American Embassy in Egypt. He wanted me to eventually go there to use my position in the country to talk to Muslim women and encourage the fledgling women's rights movement. I thought this was a great idea. I had seen the Muslim women on TV; I knew they were a poor oppressed group, and I wanted to lead them to the light of 20th century freedom.

With this intention, I went to college and began my education. I studied Quran, hadith and Islamic history. I also studied the ways I could use this information. I learned how to twist the words to say what I wanted them to say. It was a valuable tool. Once I started learning, however, I began to be intrigued by this message. It made sense. That was very scary. Therefore, in order to counteract this effect, I began to take classes in Christianity. I chose to take classes with this one professor on campus because he had a good reputation and he had a Ph.D. in Theology from Harvard University. I felt I was in good hands. I was, but not for the reasons I thought. It turns out that this professor was a Unitarian Christian. He did not believe in the trinity or the divinity of Jesus. In actuality, he believed that Jesus was a prophet.

He proceeded to prove this by taking the Bible from its sources in Greek, Hebrew and Aramaic and show where they were changed. As he did this, he showed the historical events which shaped and followed these changes. By the time I finished this class, my deen had been destroyed, but I was still not ready to accept Islam. As time went on, I continued to study, for myself and for my future career. This took about three years. In this time, I would question Muslims about their beliefs. One of the individuals I questioned was a Muslim brother with the MSA. Alhamdulllah, he saw my interest in the deen, and made it a personal effort to educate me about Islam. May Allah increase his reward. He would give me dawaa at every opportunity which presented itself.

One day, this man contacts me, and he tells me about a group of Muslims who were visiting in town. He wanted me to meet them. I agreed. I went to meet with them after ishaa prayer. I was led to a room with at least 20 men in it. They all made space for me to sit, and I was placed face to face with an elderly Pakistani gentleman. Mashallah, this brother was a very knowledgeable man in matters of Christianity. He and I discussed and argued the varying parts of the Bible and the Quran until the fajr. At this point, after having listened to this wise man tell me what I already knew, based on the class I had taken in Christianity, he did what no other individual had ever done. He invited me to become a Muslim. In the three years I had been searching and researching, no one had ever invited me. I had been taught, argued with and even insulted, but never invited. May Allah guide us all. So when he invited me, it clicked. I realized this was the time. I knew it was the truth, and I had to make a decision. Alhamdulillah, Allah opened my heart, and I said, "Yes. I want to be a Muslim." With that, the man led me in the shahadah - in English and in Arabic. I swear by Allah that when I took the shahadah, I felt the strangest sensation. I felt as if a huge, physical weight had just been lifted off my chest; I gasped for breath as if I were breathing for the first time in my life. Alhamdulillah, Allah had given me a new life - a clean slate - a chance for Jennah, and I pray that I live the rest of my days and die as a Muslim. Ameen.

Source: http://www.islamica wakening. com/viewarticle. php?articleID= 414&

The Biography of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)

1. When was the Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h.) born?

He was born on Monday, 9th Rabi Al Awwal, April 22nd, 571 AC.

2. Where was the Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h.) born?

In Makkah

3. What is the name of the Prophet's father?

Abdullah Ibn Abdul Muttalib.

4. What is the name of the Prophet's mother?

Aminah Bint Wahhab Ibn Abd Manaf Ibn Zahrah.

5. When and where did his (prophet's) father die?

He died in Makkah before Muhammad (p.b.u.h.) was born.

6. What is the name of the Prophet's grandfather?

Abdul Muttalib.

7. What was his granfather's position?

He was the chief of his clan Bani Hashim.

8. What is the Prophet's (p.b.u.h.) lineage up to his fifth ancestor?

He is Muhammad Ibn Abdullah Ibn Abdul Muttalib Ibn Hashim Ibn Abd Manaf Ibn Qusai Ibn Kilab.

9. Who suckled the Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h.)?

First Thuyeba, the freed slave girl of his uncle Abdul Uzza known as Abu Lahab, then Haleema Bint Abu Dhuaib, best known as Haleema Al Sadiyah.

10. Who named the Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h.)?

Abdul Muttalib.

11. What did Muhammad's (p.b.u.h.) mother name him?

Ahmad.

12. Why did she (the Prophet's mother) choose this name?

Because she saw an angel in a dream calling the new-born baby Ahmad.

13. How old was Muhammad (p.b.u.h.) when his mother died?

Six years old.

14. Where did his mother take him?

She took him to Yathrib (Madinah) to visit her relatives.

15. Where did his mother die?

On her way back to Makkah, she died at Abwa and was buried there.

16. Who brought Muhammad (p.b.u.h.) back to Makkah?

His father's slave girl, Umm Aiman (May Allah be pleased with her).

17. Who took the charge of his care?

His grandfather Abdul Muttalib.

18. How long did The Prophet's grandfather take care of the Prophet Muhammad?

For two years.



19. How was his (Abdul Muttalib's) behavior with Muhammad (p.b.u.h.)?

He loved him very much and preferred him to his own sons.

20. What did Abdul Muttalib foretell about his grandson?

That he would hold a prestigious position.

21. Who took care of the Prophet (p.b.u.h.) after the death of Abdul Muttalib?


His uncle Abu Talib.


22. How old was Muhammad (p.b.u.h.) when his grandfather Abdul Muttalib died?

About eight years old.

23. When did Muhammad (p.b.u.h.) travel to Syria and with whom?

He went to Syria with his uncle Abu Talib when he was twelve years old.

24. Who was Khadijah (May Allah be pleased with her)?

She was a wealthy merchant of Makkah.

25. Why did she (Khadijah) want to marry Muhammad (p.b.u.h.)?

Because of his truthfulness and good conduct.

26. When did she (Khadijah) marry Muhammad (p.b.u.h.)?

When she was 40 years old.

27. How old was Muhammad (p.b.u.h.) at the time of the marriage?

He was 25.

28. What did he (the Prophet) give her (Khadijah) as Mahr (dowry)?

Twenty camels.

29. Was Khadijah (May Allah be pleased with her) a widow?

Yes. The Prophet (p.b.u.h.) was her third husband.

30. How was Muhammad (p.b.u.h.) known in the society?

He was known as Al Ameen (Truthful) and Al Sadiq (trustworthy) .

31. Did he get any sort of education?

No, he was illiterate.

32. What should one say when the Prophet's (p.b.u.h.) name is mentioned?

One should say "SALLALLAHO ALAIHE WASALLAM " (May the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).

33. How many times is the name of Muhammad mentioned in the Holy Quran?

Four times.

34. What are the names of the Prophet's (p.b.u.h.) uncles?

They are: Harith, Zubair, Abu Talib, Hamzah (May Allah be pleased with him), Abu Lahab, Ghidaq, Maqwam, Safar and Abbas (May Allah be pleased with him).

35. Did his uncle Abu Talib accept Islam?

No, he died a polytheist.

36. In the New Testament by what name was the Prophet (p.b.u.h.) mentioned?

By the name of Paraclete.

37. What is Kabah?

It is the oldest house of worship on the earth.

38. Who built it?

The Prophet Ibrahim and his son Ismael (May Allah be pleased with them).

39. How did Quraish arrange rebuilding of Kabah?

They divided the work among various tribes. Each tribe was responsible for rebuilding a part of it.

40. Who laid the stones?

A Byzantine mason called Baqum.

41. Where did the Prophet (p.b.u.h.) go into seclusion?


To the Cave of Hira.


42. What was the fist stage of the revelation?

True dreams.

43. When did the first revelation come down to him?

On Monday, 21st of Ramadan, at night (August 10th, 610 AC). He was forty years then.

44. Who brought it?

Jibrael.

45. Who were the first to embrace Islam?

Four persons: Khadijah his wife, Zaid Ibn Haritha his freed slave, Ali Ibn Abi Talib his cousin and Abu Bakr his friend (May Allah be pleased with them).

46. Who accepted Islam at the instance of Abu Bakr (May Allah be pleased with him)?

Uthman Ibn Affan, Zubair Ibn Awwam, Abdur Rahman Ibn Awf, Sad Ibn Abi Waqqaas, Talha Ibn Ubaidullah and Saeed Ibn Zaid (Umar's son-in-law) (May Allah be pleased with them).

47. Who were the ladies to accept Islam at first?

Abbas's wife Ummaul Fadl, Abu Bakr's wife Asma Bint Umais, his daughter Asma Bint Abi Bakr and Fatimah Bint Al Khattab Umar's sister (May Allah be pleased with them).

48. How was the Dawah done in the beginning?

It was done in secret.

49. How many people embraced Islam in the early stage?

About forty.

50. How many years did the call in secret continue?

For three years.

51. During this period, where would the Muslims gather secretly?

They would gather secretly in the house of a Muslim called Arqam to learn about Islam and the revelations sent down to the Prophet ( p.b.u.h.).

52. When did the Prophet (p.b.u.h.) start to preach Islam openly?

After three years when he received the revelation to that effect.

53. What was the impact of his public preaching?

The people accepted Islam increasingly.

54. What was the main miracle of the Prophet (p.b.u.h.)?

The Holy Quran.

55. Did the Prophet (p.b.u.h.) perform other miracles?

Yes, the splitting of the moon was one of them.

56. Who was Abu Jahl?

One of the Prophet's (p.b.u.h.) uncles.

57. Name some of the disbelievers of Makkah who supported the Prophet (p.b.u.h.), but did not embrace Islam until the end.

Abu Talib, Mutim Ibn Adi and Abul Bukhtari.

58. How long did Abu Talib protect the Prophet (p.b.u.h)?

For 42 years - from the Prophet's childhood until he himself died.

59. Who was Mutim Ibn Adi?

A chief of Makkah.

60. When did he (Mutim Ibn Adi) give protection to the Prophet (p.b.u.h.)?

When the Prophet (p.b.u.h.) returned from Taif and wanted to enter Makkah.

61. When did he (Mutim Ibn Adi) die?


He was killed in the Battle of Badr.


62. Who was Abul Bukhtari?

He was a poet.

63. How did he (Abul Bukhtari) support the Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h.)?

He spoke out against the social boycott.

64. What lead the Muslims to emigrate to Abyssinia?

Their growing persecution at the hands of Quraish.

65. Which Surah lead to this emigration?

Surah Az Zumar.

66. When was Abul Bukhtari killed?

In the battle of Badr.

67. Who was then the King of Abyssinia?

The King of Abyssinia, known as Najjashi (the Negus), during the time of the Prophet (p.b.u.h.) was As'hama.

68. When did the first group of Muslims leave for Abyssinia?

In Rajab, in the fifth year of Prophethood.

69. How many persons were there in the group?

12 men and 4 women.

70. How were the emigrants received in Abyssinia?

They were received warmly and hospitably.

71. When did the second group of emigrants leave for Abyssinia?

In the fifth year of Prophethood.

72. How many people formed the group?

83 men and 18 women.

73. Name a prominent companion included in this group.

Ja'far Ibn Abi Talib (May Allah be pleased with him).

74. What did Quraish do?

They despatched two envoys to Abyssinia to demand the extradition of the emigrants.

75. How did the King respond?

He refused to extradite the Muslims and assured them of his full protection.

76. When did Umar (May Allah be pleased with him) accept Islam?

At the age of 27.

77. Who was Bilal Ibn Rabah (May Allah be pleased with him)?

He was a slave of Umayyah Ibn Khalaf.

78. What was his (Bilal Ibn Rabah's) origin?

He was of Abyssinian decent.

79. What was the name of Bilal's mother?

Hamama.

80. Who was Yaser (May Allah be pleased with him)?

He was a slave of Abu Jahl.

81. Who was Sumayyah (May Allah be pleased with her)?


She was Yaser's (a slave of Abu Jahl) wife.


82. Who was Ammar (May Allah be pleased with him)?

He was Yaser and Sumayyah's only son.

83. How did Summaya (May Allah be pleased) die?

Abu Jahl murderded her with a bayonet.

84. Who was Zaid Ibn Haritha (May Allah be pleased with him)?

He was a slave.

85. Who purchased him (Zaid Ibn Haritha)?

Khadijah's nephew Hakim Ibn Hizam purchased him and presented him to her.

86. What did Khadijah do with Zaid Bin Haritha?

She presented him to the Prophet who set him free.

87. Did Zaid Bin Haritha want to go to his parents?

No, he preferred to live with the Prophet (p.b.u.h.).

88. To whom was Zaid Bin Haritha married?

To Umma Aiman (May Allah be pleased with her).

89. Who was Ja'far?

He was the elder brother of Ali Ibn Talib (May Allah be pleased with him).

90. Where did he (Ja'far) emigrate?

To Abyssinia.

91. Who was Ali (May Allah be pleased with him)?

He was the son of Abu Talib and cousin of the Prophet (p.b.u.h.).

92. When did Ali (May Allah be pleased with him) accept Islam?

When he was 19.

93. What was he (Ali) called for his bravery?

The "Lion of Allah".

94. Whom did Ali first marry?

He first married the Prophet's (p.b.u.h.) daughter Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her).

95. How many sons did Ali have from her?

Two sons: Hasan and Husain (May Allah be pleased with them).

96. When did Sa'd bn Abi Waqqas (May Allah be pleased with him) become a Muslim?

When he was 19.

97. Where did Sa'd (May Allah be pleased with him) die?

He died in Al Madinah.

98. What was Sa'd's advice to Muslims?

To stand united.

99. Who was Abu Bakr's father (May Allah be pleased with him) and did he accept Islam?

He was Uthman (May Allah be pleased with him) (Abu Quhafah). Yes, he accepted Islam during the Conquest of Makkah.